定義與構成

Definition and Composition

輕型鋼結構主要用于不承受大載荷的承重建筑，通常采用輕型 H 型鋼（焊接或軋制、變截面或等截面）做成門形鋼架支承，C 型、Z 型冷彎薄壁型鋼作檁條和墻梁，壓型鋼板或輕質夾芯板作屋面、墻面圍護結構，通過高強螺栓、普通螺栓及自攻螺絲等連接件和密封材料組裝而成。

Lightweight steel structures are mainly used for load-bearing buildings that do not bear large loads. They are usually supported by portal steel frames made of lightweight H-beams (welded or rolled, variable cross-section or equal cross-section), C-shaped and Z-shaped cold-formed thin-walled steel beams for purlins and wall beams, and profiled steel plates or lightweight sandwich panels for roof and wall enclosure structures. They are assembled with high-strength bolts, ordinary bolts, self tapping screws and sealing materials.

結構形式

structural style

檁條：有實腹式的薄壁型鋼檁條、角鋼和綴板拼組成的空腹式檁條、桁架式檁條。

Purlins: Hollow purlins and truss purlins composed of thin-walled steel purlins with solid belly, angle steel, and cladding panels.

桁架：形式有三角形、梯形、梭形、三鉸拱等，可采用角鋼、薄壁型鋼、圓管、方管等制作。

Trusses: available in triangular, trapezoidal, shuttle shaped, three hinged arch, etc., can be made of angle steel, thin-walled steel, round tubes, square tubes, etc.

鋼架：有單層和多層，桿件有實腹式和格構式，多采用 H 型鋼制造。

Steel frame: There are single-layer and multi-layer structures, and the members can be solid belly type or lattice type, mostly made of H-shaped steel.

網架：具有整體性好、剛度大的特點，能有效承受地震等動力荷載。

Grid structure: It has the characteristics of good integrity and high stiffness, and can effectively withstand dynamic loads such as earthquakes.

分類

classification

用薄鋼板（厚 6 毫米以下）冷軋的薄壁型鋼組成的骨架結構。

A skeleton structure composed of thin-walled steel sections cold-rolled from thin steel plates (with a thickness of less than 6 millimeters).

用斷面較小的型鋼（如角鋼、鋼筋、扁鋼等）制作桁架，再組成的骨架結構。

A skeleton structure composed of trusses made of smaller cross-sectional steel (such as angle steel, steel bars, flat steel, etc.).

混合使用上述兩種方法組成的骨架結構。

A skeleton structure composed of a combination of the above two methods.

優點

advantage

抗震性強：形成 “板肋結構體系”，適用于抗震烈度 8 度以上地區。

Strong seismic resistance: forming a "plate rib structure system", suitable for areas with seismic intensity above 8 degrees.

抗風性好：重量輕、強度高、整體剛性好、變形能力強，可抵抗每秒 70 米的颶風。

Good wind resistance: light weight, high strength, good overall rigidity, strong deformation ability, can resist hurricanes up to 70 meters per second.

耐久性佳：鋼骨采用超級防腐高強冷軋鍍鋅板制造，結構壽命可達 100 年。

Excellent durability: The steel frame is made of super anti-corrosion and high-strength cold-rolled galvanized sheet, with a structural lifespan of up to 100 years.

保溫性優：以玻纖棉為主的保溫隔熱材料，能有效避免 “冷橋” 現象。

Excellent insulation performance: The insulation material mainly made of fiberglass cotton can effectively avoid the phenomenon of "cold bridge".

隔音性好：窗采用中空玻璃，墻體由輕鋼龍骨、保溫材料、石膏板組成，隔音效果好。

Good sound insulation: The windows are made of insulated glass, and the walls are composed of light steel keel, insulation material, and gypsum board, providing good sound insulation effect.

健康環保：干作業施工，減少污染，材料可回收，符合環保要求。

Health and environmental protection: dry construction, reduce pollution, recyclable materials, and meet environmental protection requirements.

施工快捷：全部干作業，不受季節影響，施工速度快。

Quick construction: All work is done without being affected by seasons, and the construction speed is fast.

應用范圍

Application scope

輕型鋼結構較多地用于學校、住宅、辦公、旅館、醫院以及工廠和倉庫等。還適用于一些對建筑空間和功能有特殊要求的場所，如展覽館、體育館、機場航站樓等的附屬建筑或臨時建筑。

Light steel structures are commonly used in schools, residences, offices, hotels, hospitals, factories, and warehouses. It is also suitable for places with special requirements for building space and function, such as exhibition halls, sports venues, airport terminals, and other ancillary or temporary buildings.

設計要點

Design points

荷載計算：準確計算恒載，包括結構自重、屋面和墻面材料重量等；合理確定活載，如屋面活荷載、雪荷載、風荷載等。

Load calculation: Accurately calculate the dead load, including the self weight of the structure, the weight of roof and wall materials, etc; Reasonably determine live loads, such as roof live loads, snow loads, wind loads, etc.

構件選型：根據結構受力特點和荷載大小，選擇合適的輕型鋼構件截面形式和規格。

Component selection: Select the appropriate cross-sectional form and specifications of lightweight steel components based on the structural stress characteristics and load size.

節點設計：確保節點連接可靠，傳力明確，滿足結構的強度、剛度和穩定性要求。

Node design: Ensure reliable node connections, clear force transmission, and meet the requirements of structural strength, stiffness, and stability.

施工注意事項

Construction precautions

基礎施工：保證基礎的尺寸、位置和承載力符合設計要求，做好基礎的防水和防腐處理。

Basic construction: Ensure that the size, position, and bearing capacity of the foundation meet the design requirements, and do a good job in waterproofing and anti-corrosion treatment of the foundation.

構件安裝：構件在運輸和吊裝過程中，要采取措施防止變形和損壞；嚴格按照設計和規范要求進行構件的連接和固定。

Component installation: Measures should be taken to prevent deformation and damage during transportation and lifting of components; Strictly follow the design and specification requirements for the connection and fixation of components.

焊接與涂裝：焊接人員需具備相應資質，焊接工藝要符合要求；涂裝前要對構件表面進行除銹處理，確保涂層的附著力和防腐性能。

Welding and painting: Welding personnel need to have corresponding qualifications, and welding processes must meet the requirements; Before painting, the surface of the component should be treated with rust removal to ensure the adhesion and anti-corrosion performance of the coating.

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